SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of teenage pregnancy in all Brazilian regions and states in the period of 2000-2019 among two age groups, namely, 10-14 and 15-19 years old, and correlate it with the human development index. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed by using the data from the Live Birth Info System from the National Health System’s database. RESULTS: The percentage of live births from teenage mothers (age 10-19 years) in Brazil decreased by 37.2% (i.e., 23.4 in 2000 to 14.7% in 2019) in all regions. Amazonas and Maranhão were the only states to show increased fertility rates for teens in the age group of 10-14 years. The fertility index decreased from 80.9-48% in all states among mothers aged 15-19 years. Only the Southeast and South regions showed levels below the Brazilian average (i.e., 38.2 and 39%, respectively). The proportion of live birth showed an inversely proportional trend to the human development index score. CONCLUSIONS: Brazil shows a decline in the percentage of live birth among adolescent mothers and the fertility rate. Live birth is inversely proportional to the human development index score. However, the teenage pregnancy numbers are still high, with great regional inequality in the country.

The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents is increasing worldwide. Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases in young women, and undetected disease is highly associated with long-term complications in women. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a sexually active population of female adolescents from Salvador, Brazil, and to describe their socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. 100 sexually active adolescents (10-19 years) were included in this study, between 2008 and 2010. Endocervical samples were obtained during gynecological examination. Inhouse polymerase chain reaction of cervical specimens was used for Chlamydia trachomatis detection. The overall prevalence of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection was 31% (95% CI 22-40). There were no statistically significant differences in the age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and frequency of condom use between Chlamydia infected and uninfected adolescents. The prevalence of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection among adolescents from Salvador was the highest in Brazil up to the present date. These results demonstrate an urgent need for continued and comprehensive prevention strategies along with proper screening for Chlamydia in high-risk populations in order to decrease the rates of infection.